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Original Articles
- Effects of Air Pollution on Public and Private Health Expenditures in Iran: A Time Series Study (1972-2014)
- Pouran Raeissi, Touraj Harati-Khalilabad, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Yaser Hashemi, Abdoreza Mousavi, Saeed Khodabakhshzadeh
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):140-147. Published online May 14, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.153
- 7,606 View
- 194 Download
- 16 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF - Objectives
Environmental pollution is a negative consequence of the development process, and many countries are grappling with this phenomenon. As a developing country, Iran is not exempt from this rule, and Iran pays huge expenditures for the consequences of pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the long- and short-run impact of air pollution, along with other health indicators, on private and public health expenditures.
Methods
This study was an applied and developmental study. Autoregressive distributed lag estimating models were used for the period of 1972 to 2014. In order to determine the co-integration between health expenditures and the infant mortality rate, fertility rate, per capita income, and pollution, we used the Wald test in Microfit version 4.1. We then used Eviews version 8 to evaluate the stationarity of the variables and to estimate the long- and short-run relationships.
Results
Long-run air pollution had a positive and significant effect on health expenditures, so that a 1.00% increase in the index of carbon dioxide led to an increase of 3.32% and 1.16% in public and private health expenditures, respectively. Air pollution also had a greater impact on health expenditures in the long term than in the short term.
Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that among the factors affecting health expenditures, environmental quality and contaminants played the most important role. Therefore, in order to reduce the financial burden of health expenditures in Iran, it is essential to reduce air pollution by enacting and implementing laws that protect the environment. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Evaluating the Role of GDPPer Capita, Air Pollution and Non‐Economic Factors in Determining Health Expenditure: Evidence from Asian Region Using Instrumental Variables Techniques
Samia Nasreen, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Mehr‐un Nisa, Faryal Ishtiaq
Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy.2024; 43(1): 63. CrossRef - Does climate change drive up government healthcare costs in the European Union?
Adela Socol, Horia Iuga, Dragoș Socol, Iulia Cristina Iuga
Frontiers in Environmental Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - An analysis of emission reduction strategy for light and heavy-duty vehicles pollutions in high spatial–temporal resolution and emission
Leila Khazini, Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi, Nadège Blond
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(16): 23419. CrossRef - Air pollution and economic growth under local government competition: Evidence from China, 2007–2016
Shurui Jiang, Xue Tan, Peiqi Hu, Yue Wang, Lei Shi, Zhong Ma, Genfa Lu
Journal of Cleaner Production.2022; 334: 130231. CrossRef - Theoretical Model and Actual Characteristics of Air Pollution Affecting Health Cost: A Review
Xiaocang Xu, Haoran Yang, Chang Li
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3532. CrossRef - Health is Wealth: A Dynamic SUR Approach of Examining a Link Between Climate Changes and Human Health Expenditures
Muhammad Azam, Abdul Majid Awan
Social Indicators Research.2022; 163(2): 505. CrossRef - Impact of Environmental Quality on Healthcare Expenditures in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach
Asim Anwar, Shabir Hyder, Russell Bennett, Mustafa Younis
Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1608. CrossRef - The impact of air pollution on urban residents’ health expenditure: spatial evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China
Han Sun, Zhihui Leng, Hengsong Zhao, Shan Ni, Chao Huang
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health.2021; 14(3): 343. CrossRef - Association between health expenditures, economic growth and environmental pollution: Long‐run and causality analysis from Asian economies
Samia Nasreen
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.2021; 36(3): 925. CrossRef - The relationship between renewable energy use and health expenditures in EU countries
Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz, Aysun Karamıklı, Ulas Akkucuk
The European Journal of Health Economics.2021; 22(7): 1129. CrossRef - Do renewable energy and health expenditures improve load capacity factor in the USA and Japan? A new approach to environmental issues
Ugur Korkut Pata
The European Journal of Health Economics.2021; 22(9): 1427. CrossRef - Development of Reduction Scenarios Based on Urban Emission Estimation and Dispersion of Exhaust Pollutants from Light Duty Public Transport: Case of Tabriz, Iran
Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi, Leila Khazini, Yousef Rashidi, Saeed Zeinali Heris
Emission Control Science and Technology.2020; 6(1): 86. CrossRef The Impact of Air Pollution on Healthcare Expenditure for Respiratory Diseases: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China
Lele Li, Tiantian Du, Chi Zhang
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2020; Volume 13: 1723. CrossRef- Are Air Pollution, Economic and Non-Economic Factors Associated with Per Capita Health Expenditures? Evidence from Emerging Economies
Muhammad Usman, Zhiqiang Ma, Muhammad Wasif Zafar, Abdul Haseeb, Rana Umair Ashraf
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(11): 1967. CrossRef - Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran
Reza Bayat, Khosro Ashrafi, Majid Shafiepour Motlagh, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Rajabali Daroudi, Günther Fink, Nino Künzli
Environmental Research.2019; 176: 108547. CrossRef - Sağlık Harcamalarının Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Çevre Kirliliği ve Yönetişimin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Alper KARASOY, Gökhan DEMİRTAŞ
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi.2018; 7(3): 1917. CrossRef
- Socioeconomic Inequality in Malnutrition in Under-5 Children in Iran: Evidence From the Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, 2010
- Abdollah Almasian Kia, Aziz Rezapour, Ardeshir Khosravi, Vajiheh Afzali Abarghouei
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):201-209. Published online May 10, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.028
- 8,250 View
- 273 Download
- 14 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in under-5 children in Iran in order to help policymakers reduce such inequality.
Methods
Data on 8443 under-5 children were extracted from the Iran Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey. The wealth index was used as proxy for socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting, underweight, and wasting was calculated using the concentration index. The concentration index was calculated for the whole sample, as well as for subcategories defined in terms of categories such as area of residence (urban and rural) and the sex of children.
Results
Stunting was observed to be more prevalent than underweight or wasting. The results of the concentration index at the national level, as well as in rural and urban areas and in terms of children’s sex, showed that inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant and that children in the lower quintiles were more malnourished. The wasting index was not sensitive to socioeconomic status, and its concentration index value was not statistically significant.
Conclusions
This study showed that it can be misleading to assess the mean levels of malnutrition at the national level without knowledge of the distribution of malnutrition among socioeconomic groups. Significant socioeconomic inequalities in stunting and underweight were observed at the national level and in both urban and rural areas. Regarding the influence of nutrition on the health and economic well-being of preschool-aged children, it is necessary for the government to focus on taking targeted measures to reduce malnutrition and to focus on poorer groups within society who bear a greater burden of malnutrition. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Prediction and analysis of trends in the nutritional status of children under 5 years in Iran: reanalysis of the results of national surveys conducted between 1998 and 2020
Delaram Ghodsi, Hamid Rasekhi, Zahra Yari, Roshanak Roustaee, Bahereh Nikooyeh, Ayoub Faramarzi, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Tirang R. Neyestani
Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Improvement in Anthropometric Measurements of Malnourished Children by Means of Complementary Food and Nutritional Education in Fars Province, Iran: A Community-Based Intervention
Razieh Shenavar, Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi, Azam Farmani, Mina Zarmehrparirouy, Leila Azadbakht
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Factor associated with anthropometric failure among under-five Bengali children: A comparative study between Bangladesh and India
Ramendra Nath Kundu, Md. Golam Hossain, Md. Ahshanul Haque, Subir Biswas, Md. Monimul Huq, Md. Kamal Pasa, Md. Sabiruzzaman, Premananda Bharati, Lai Kuan Lee
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0272634. CrossRef - Breastfeeding Practices, Infant Formula Use, Complementary Feeding and Childhood Malnutrition: An Updated Overview of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape
Carla Ibrahim, Khlood Bookari, Yonna Sacre, Lara Hanna-Wakim, Maha Hoteit
Nutrients.2022; 14(19): 4201. CrossRef - Trends in inequalities in childhood stunting in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016: a cross sectional study
Betregiorgis Zegeye, Gebretsadik Shibre, Dina Idriss-Wheeler, Sanni Yaya
Journal of Public Health.2021; 43(3): 655. CrossRef - Relationship of Malnutrition in Children with Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Fars Province, Iran
Razieh Shenavar, Mohsen Moghaddami, Soheila Shaghaghian, Mohsen Ali Akbarpoor, Mansore Nowrospour, Mahdieh Farid
Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Economic inequality in malnutrition: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Rotimi Alao, Hayaan Nur, Emily Fivian, Bhavani Shankar, Suneetha Kadiyala, Helen Harris-Fry
BMJ Global Health.2021; 6(12): e006906. CrossRef - The prevalence of stunting among children and adolescents living in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Hassan Joulaei, Parisa Keshani, Mahkameh Ashourpour, Peyman Bemani, Sanaz Amiri, Jamileh Rahimi, Mohsen Aliakbarpour, Amin Salehi-Abargouei
Journal of Global Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Prevalence and risk factors of childhood hypertension from birth through childhood: a retrospective cohort study
Xiaohua Liang, Lun Xiao, Yetao Luo, Jiapei Xu
Journal of Human Hypertension.2020; 34(2): 151. CrossRef - Smartphone-Based Maternal Education for the Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Under 3 Years of Age in Food-Secure Communities: Randomised Controlled Trial in Urmia, Iran
Navisa Seyyedi, Bahlol Rahimi, Hamid Reza Farrokh Eslamlou, Hadi Lotfnezhad Afshar, Armin Spreco, Toomas Timpka
Nutrients.2020; 12(2): 587. CrossRef - Effect of a newly developed ready-to-use supplementary food on growth indicators in children with mild to moderate malnutrition
F. Azimi, A. Esmaillzadeh, E. Alipoor, M. Moslemi, M. Yaseri, M.J. Hosseinzadeh-Attar
Public Health.2020; 185: 290. CrossRef - Measurement components of socioeconomic status in health-related studies in Iran
Sediqe Shafiei, Shahram Yazdani, Mohammad-Pooyan Jadidfard, A. Hamid Zafarmand
BMC Research Notes.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Determinants of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data
K. Fantay Gebru, W. Mekonnen Haileselassie, A. Haftom Temesgen, A. Oumer Seid, B. Afework Mulugeta
BMC Pediatrics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children aged below 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yousef Moradi, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Kamyar Mansori, Shiva Mansouri Hanis, Rozhin Khateri, Hossein Mirzaei
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2018; 61(8): 231. CrossRef
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